<!--
.. title: More heat than light
.. slug: more-heat-than-light
.. date: 2022-09-27 23:20:30 UTC+01:00
.. tags:
.. category:
.. link:
.. description:
.. type: text
-->

Another week, another row about particle-physics methodology involving the
field's latest engagingly controversialist internal critic -- older readers may
feel a pang of deja vu from the "Not Even Wrong" years. But this time, the
maelstrom has somehow escaped Twitter and been platformed in [Guardian
Science](https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2022/sep/26/physics-particles-physicists).

I feel a pang of guilt about criticising this article. After all, as scientists
we are meant to question ourselves constantly -- the Royal Society, with a
decent claim to being the leading grouping of natural philosophers as scientific
method established itself in the mid 1600s, after all adopted a Latinised "Take
nobody's word for it" as a motto. And within the field, I'd be lying if I
claimed never to have felt frustration at perceived timidity and herd instinct.
There's also a good practical reason not to comment, since that's probably what
is hoped for, all publicity being good publicity when you have wares to promote.

But this really is a terrible piece, and on the whole I think better to engage
than let such things slide and enter public consciousness unopposed. It starts
with quirkily hypothesised portmanteau animals and the cunning plan of an
invented group of zoologists to travel the world in search for them -- then
asserts that this is what particle physicists, or at least beyond-Standard-Model
(BSM) theoretical physicists do with their days. Experimentalists don't get let
off easy: we are apparently slack-jawed rubes, so uneducated or uncritical about
physics that we hang on every theorist's word. I get the feeling Sabine has not
tried selling any theories to a CERN experimentalist audience recently.

This is deeply disingenuous stuff. First off, it's a gross mischaracterisation
of the model-building process. Even as a non-expert, I know that the majority of
models are proposed not just willy-nilly, but to solve a perceived problem -- or
ideally, more than one. Where most of us differ from Sabine's value system is in
what we consider an above-threshold modelling problem. She has asserted many
times that the Standard Model can accommodate everything that has been observed,
which is not true: neutrino masses require a mechanism not established in the
SM, cosmological matter-antimatter asymmetry requires a mechanism of CP
violation far stronger than achievable in the SM quark sector, and so-on. These
seem fairly unambiguous areas where new mechanics are needed, and I've not even
mentioned her preferred touchstone of dark-matter particle vs. MOND.

But most of us also take seriously, though perhaps not as seriously, vaguer
questions of model stability (the hierarchy problems) and of *why* our model
contains the components it does in the form it does. If we should take nobody's
word for it, we should also be sceptical of fringe calls to just give up and
accept the world as it seems to be. It is an entirely reasonable scientific
endeavour to try and understand why things are the way they are. To deny that
this is rational requires either a particularly naive take on philosophy of
science, or bad faith. Just because the likes of the anthropic principle (things
are the way they are because we're here to see it) have some intellectual merit
doesn't mean that fundamental scientists must Eeyorishly resign ourselves to not
even trying.

Most "organising" theories that might solve big conundrums of this sort --
ranging from more technical data-model discrepancies to the
borderline-philosophical -- have consequences that could potentially be
measured, and so we should search for them and cut away the models that fail to
appear. And, to give us some credit, some such organising principles have borne
fruit before, in the forms of the W, Z, and Higgs bosons, and various exotic
hadrons. This is a long way from hypothesising acontextual flying cave-worms:
it's more like -- to extend an analogy in a field I know as little of as Sabine
does -- observing several separate evolutionary responses to selection
pressures, hypothesising that they could interact interestingly, and proposing
to look for them in places with the appropriate conditions. Maybe that's the
sort of thing zoologists should be funding, maybe it's not, but it's not a
category error to consider it.

This brings me to the final, and I think most offensive, aspect of the article,
which is the argument that we either pursue these hypothetical hints of
organising principles through clueless herd instinct or through rampant
careerism. And the reason this annoys me so much is that there is undoubtedly a
kernel of truth here. I think everyone in the field has at some point
encountered a physicist who can't explain *why* they're interested in what they're
doing, but it's what the group or their PI is interested in, or because they
just like the process, or because it's an area publishing lots of papers and
they'd like to ride that bandwagon (cf. the absolutely correct criticism of LHC
3sigma-anomaly chasing). Pin the blame for that on our intrumentalised version
of research-performance measurement, a superheated academic job market (guess
what, folks want a job in a stimulating area they spent their intellectually
formative years mastering), and the raging bin-fire that is the rentierist
academic publication business. By overextending this reasonable criticism to the
sort of gasp-inspiring cartoon that gets one a Guardian splash, the whole
argument jumps the shark and we learn nothing.

But, by-and-by, most of us know about this problem. Most research-active
academics are trying to find areas where they can do something impactful, not
just be a cog in the machinery... and actually, proposing or searching for
unmotivated exotic new particles is not a rational bet. I've seen properly
cynical, unmotivated models, and no-one outside the proposer's group works on
them or pays the blindest bit of attention. Blunderbuss criticism in a very
public forum also risks destabilising institutional support for the whole
field. Funding agencies generally recognise particle physics as mostly
worthwhile and balance their involvement across its facets, but this could
become harder to do if populist tales of careerist physicists cynically living
it up on taxpayer funds find purchase in the wrong ears.

So, not everything said is wrong. But it is dressed up in such a pantomime-dame
version of the critique that it can't be taken seriously. And that's a shame:
there are conversations here which could perhaps usefully be made more open and
explicit. There are horrifying degrees of rentierism and perverse incentive in
academic careers, publishing, and conferences -- let's talk about them,
too. But straw-man arguments about modelling whimsy and bad faith distract from
these real problems and more nuanced questions of scientific value; as
quintessentially rational people, we need to reject them and platform the
valuable discussions instead.
